Hydrogen

Practise balancing equations:

Direction:

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Preparation of Hydrogen(Laboratory Methods):

1.Zinc granules react with dilute Sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and Hydrogen:

Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂

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2.Zinc granules react with dilute Hydrochloric acid to form Zinc chloride and Hydrogen:

Zn + HCl →; ZnCl₂ + H₂

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Preparation of Hydrogen(Other methods):

By the action of active metals on cold water:

1. Potassium metal reacts with cold water to form Potassium hydroxide and Hydrogen.

K + H₂O → KOH + H₂

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2. Sodium metal reacts with cold water to form Sodium hydroxide and Hydrogen.

Na + H₂O → NaOH + H₂

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3. Calcium metal reacts with cold water to form Calcium hydroxide and Hydrogen.

Ca + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂

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By the action of steam (H₂O) on metals:

1. Magnesium metal reacts with steam to form Magnesium oxide and Hydrogen.

Mg + H₂O → MgO + H₂

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2. Zinc metal reacts with steam to form Zinc oxide and Hydrogen.

Zn + H₂O → ZnO + H₂

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3. Iron metal reacts with steam to form Tri iron tetroxide and Hydrogen.

Fe + H₂O ⇌ Fe₃O₄ + H₂

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By the action of acids on metals:

1. Magnesium metal reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Magnesium sulphate and Hydrogen.

Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

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2.Magnesium metal reacts with dilute Hydrochloric acid to form Magnesium chloride and Hydrogen:

Mg + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

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3. Aluminium metal reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Aluminium sulphate and Hydrogen.

Al + H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + H₂

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4.Aluminium metal reacts with dilute Hydrochloric acid to form Aluminium chloride and Hydrogen:

Al + HCl → AlCl₃ + H₂

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5. Iron metal reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Iron(II) sulphate and Hydrogen.

Fe + H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + H₂

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6.Iron metal reacts with dilute Hydrochloric acid to form Iron(II) chloride and Hydrogen:

Fe + HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

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7.Magnesium metal reacts with very dilute Nitric acid to form Magnesium nitrate and Hydrogen:

Mg + HNO₃ → Mg(NO₃)₂ + H₂

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By the action of alkalis on metals:

1.Zinc metal reacts with concentrated Sodium hydroxide solution to form Sodium zincate and Hydrogen:

Zn + NaOH → Na₂ZnO₂ + H₂

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2.Zinc metal reacts with concentrated Potassium hydroxide solution to form Potassium zincate and Hydrogen:

Zn + KOH → K₂ZnO₂ + H₂

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3.Lead metal reacts with concentrated Sodium hydroxide solution to form Sodium plumbite and Hydrogen:

Pb + NaOH → Na₂PbO₂ + H₂

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4.Lead metal reacts with concentrated Potassium hydroxide solution to form Potassium plumbite and Hydrogen:

Pb + KOH → K₂PbO₂ + H₂

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5.Aluminium metal reacts with concentrated Sodium hydroxide solution to form Sodium aluminate and Hydrogen:

Al + NaOH + H₂O → NaAlO₂ + H₂

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6.Aluminium metal reacts with concentrated Potassium hydroxide solution to form Potassium aluminate and Hydrogen:

Al + KOH + H₂O → KAlO₂ + H₂

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Manufacture of Hydrogen:

1. In Bosch Process, white hot coke at about 1000^oC is reacted with steam when water gas(CO + H₂) is formed:

C + H₂O → CO + H₂

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Next,the mixture of Carbon monoxide and Hydrogen is mixed with more steam and passed over heated Iron(III)oxide(catalyst) at 450^oC when Carbon dioxide and Hydrogen are formed:

CO + H₂ + H₂O → CO₂ + H₂

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Carbon dioxide is removed by passing the mixture through Potassium hydroxide solution when Carbon dioxide reacts with Potassium hydroxide forming Potassium carbonate and water:

CO₂ + KOH → K₂CO₃ + H₂O

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2. In Modern Process,a mixture of Methane (present in natural gas) and steam is passed over heated Nickel(catalyst)at about 800^oC when synthesis gas(CO + 3 H₂) is formed:

CH₄ + H₂O → CO + H₂

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Next,the mixture of Carbon monoxide and Hydrogen is mixed with more steam and passed over heated Iron(III)oxide(catalyst) at 450^oC when Carbon dioxide and Hydrogen are formed:

CO + H₂ + H₂O → CO₂ + H₂

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Carbon dioxide is removed by passing the mixture through Potassium hydroxide solution when Carbon dioxide reacts with Potassium hydroxide forming Potassium carbonate and water:

CO₂ + KOH → K₂CO₃ + H₂O

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Reactions of Hydrogen:

1. A mixture of Hydrogen and Oxygen, when ignited, burns with a 'pop' sound to form water:

H₂ + O₂ → H₂O

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2. In diffused sunlight Hydrogen reacts with Chlorine to form Hydrogen chloride gas:

H₂ + Cl₂ → HCl

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3. When bubbled through molten Sulphur, Hydrogen gas reacts with Sulphur to form Hydrogen sulphide gas:

H₂ + S → H₂S

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4.When A mixture of Nitrogen gas and Hydrogen gas is passed over Iron catalyst at 200 atm pressure and 450^oC, Ammonia gas is formed:

N₂ + H₂ ⇌ NH₃

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5. When Hydrogen gas is passed over heated black Copper(II) oxide, brown Copper and water are formed:

H₂ + CuO → Cu + H₂O

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6. When Hydrogen gas is passed over heated yellow Lead(II) oxide, grey Lead and water are formed:

H₂ + PbO → Pb + H₂O

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7. When Hydrogen gas is passed over heated brown Iron(III) oxide, grey Iron and water are formed:

H₂ + Fe₂O₃ → Fe + H₂O

Time Taken:00:00

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Intermediate Equations

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Hydrogen

Practise balancing equations:

Direction:

Note:

Preparation of Hydrogen(Laboratory Methods):

Preparation of Hydrogen(Other methods):

By the action of active metals on cold water:

By the action of steam (H2O) on metals:

By the action of acids on metals:

By the action of alkalis on metals:

Manufacture of Hydrogen:

Reactions of Hydrogen:

By the action of steam (H₂O) on metals: