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Sulphuric Acid

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Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid (Contact Process)

In the first step, Sulphur is burnt in air to form Sulphur dioxide gas:

S + O₂ →SO₂

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In the next step, Sulphur dioxide is mixed with air and passed over hot Vanadium Pentoxide catalyst at 450^oC and 1 atmosphere pressure to form Sulphur trioxide:

SO₂ + O₂ ⇌ SO₃

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In the next step, Sulphur trioxide is absorbed in concentrated Sulphuric acid to form Oleum (H₂S₂O₇):

SO₃ + H₂SO₄→H₂S₂O₇

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In the final step,water is added to Oleum to form concentrated Sulphuric acid:

H₂S₂O₇ + H₂O→H₂SO₄

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Reactions of dilute Sulphuric Acid (As an acid):

1.When Magnesium metal is added to dilute Sulphuric acid, bubbles of Hydrogen gas are liberated:

Mg + H₂SO₄ →MgSO₄ + H₂

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2.When Zinc metal is added to dilute Sulphuric acid, bubbles of Hydrogen gas are liberated:

Zn + H₂SO₄ →ZnSO₄ + H₂

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3.When Iron metal is added to dilute Sulphuric acid, bubbles of Hydrogen gas are liberated:

Fe + H₂SO₄ →FeSO₄ + H₂

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4.Magnesium oxide reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Magnesium sulphate and water:

MgO + H₂SO₄ →MgSO₄ + H₂O

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5.Aluminium oxide reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Aluminium sulphate and water:

Al₂O₃ + H₂SO₄ →Al₂(SO₄)₃ + H₂O

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6.Zinc oxide reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Zinc sulphate and water:

ZnO + H₂SO₄ →ZnSO₄ + H₂O

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7.Iron (III) oxide reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Iron (III) sulphate and water:

Fe₂O₃ + H₂SO₄ →Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + H₂O

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8.Copper (II) oxide reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Copper (II) sulphate and water:

CuO + H₂SO₄ →CuSO₄ + H₂O

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9.Ammonia gas reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Ammonium sulphate:

NH₃ + H₂SO₄ →(NH₄)₂SO₄

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10.dilute Sulphuric acid reacts with Potassium hydroxide to form Potassium sulphate and water:

H₂SO₄ + KOH →K₂SO₄ + H₂O

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11.dilute Sulphuric acid reacts with Sodium hydroxide to form Sodium sulphate and water:

H₂SO₄ + NaOH →Na₂SO₄ + H₂O

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12.dilute Sulphuric acid reacts with Calcium hydroxide to form Calcium sulphate and water:

H₂SO₄ + Ca(OH)₂ →CaSO₄ + H₂O

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13.dilute Sulphuric acid reacts with white Magnesium hydroxide to form colourless Magnesium sulphate and water:

H₂SO₄ + Mg(OH)₂ →MgSO₄ + H₂O

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14.dilute Sulphuric acid reacts with white Aluminium hydroxide to form colourless Aluminium sulphate and water:

H₂SO₄ + Al(OH)₃ →Al₂(SO₄)₃ + H₂O

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15.dilute Sulphuric acid reacts with white Zinc hydroxide to form colourless Zinc sulphate and water:

H₂SO₄ + Zn(OH)₂ →ZnSO₄ + H₂O

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16.dilute Sulphuric acid reacts with green Iron(II) hydroxide to form light green Iron(II) sulphate and water:

H₂SO₄ + Fe(OH)₂ →FeSO₄ + H₂O

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17.dilute Sulphuric acid reacts with reddish brown Iron(III)hydroxide to form yellow Iron(III) sulphate and water:

H₂SO₄ + Fe(OH)₃ → Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + H₂O

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18.dilute Sulphuric acid reacts with blue copper(II) hydroxide to form blue copper(II)sulphate and water:

H₂SO₄ + Cu(OH)₂ →CuSO₄ + H₂O

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19.Potassium carbonate reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Potassium sulphate, carbon dioxide and water:

K₂CO₃+H₂SO₄ →K₂SO₄+CO₂+H₂O

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20.Sodium carbonate reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Sodium sulphate, carbon dioxide and water:

Na₂CO₃+H₂SO₄ →Na₂SO₄+CO₂+H₂O

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21.Calcium carbonate reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Calcium sulphate, carbon dioxide and water:

CaCO₃ + H₂SO₄ →CaSO₄+ CO₂+H₂O

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22.Magnesium carbonate reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Magnesium sulphate, carbon dioxide and water:

MgCO₃+ H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄+ CO₂+H₂O

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23.Zinc carbonate reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Zinc sulphate, carbon dioxide and water:

ZnCO₃+ H₂SO₄ →ZnSO₄+ CO₂+H₂O

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24.Copper (II) carbonate reacts with dilute Sulphuric acid to form Copper (II) sulphate, carbon dioxide and water:

CuCO₃+ H₂SO₄ →CuSO₄+ CO₂+H₂O

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Reactions of concentrated Sulphuric Acid (As an oxidizing agent)

1. Hot concentrated Sulphuric acid oxidizes Copper metal into Copper(II)sulphate:

Cu + H₂SO₄ →CuSO₄ + SO₂ + H₂O

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2.Hot concentrated Sulphuric acid oxidizes Carbon into Carbon dioxide gas:

C + H₂SO₄ →CO₂ + SO₂ + H₂O

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3.Hot concentrated Sulphuric acid oxidizes Sulphur into Sulphur dioxide:

S + H₂SO₄ →SO₂ + H₂O

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Reactions of concentrated Sulphuric Acid (As a dehydrating agent)

1. Concentrated Sulphuric acid dehydrates sugar into Carbon:

C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ →C + H₂O

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2. Concentrated Sulphuric acid dehydrates blue crystals of hydrated copper (II) sulphate into white anhydrous copper (II) sulphate powder:

CuSO₄.5H₂O →CuSO₄ H₂O

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Reactions of concentrated Sulphuric Acid (As a less volatile acid)

1. Concentrated Sulphuric acid reacts with Potassium chloride to form Hydrogen chloride gas and Potassium bisulphate:

KCl + H₂SO₄ → HCl+ KHSO₄

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2. Concentrated Sulphuric acid reacts with Sodium chloride to form Hydrogen chloride gas and Sodium bisulphate:

NaCl + H₂SO₄ → HCl+ NaHSO₄

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3. Concentrated Sulphuric acid reacts with Potassium nitrate to form Nitric acid and Potassium bisulphate:

KNO₃ + H₂SO₄ → HNO₃ KHSO₄

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4. Concentrated Sulphuric acid reacts with Sodium nitrate to form Nitric acid and Sodium bisulphate:

NaNO₃ + H₂SO₄ → HNO₃+ NaHSO₄

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